The continuum of reality to virtuality is shown in Figure 1. Here, the physical and virtual objects coexist in a hybrid environment and provide a direct view using head mounted holographic display. Whereas, in mixed reality, it provides hybrid environment by combining the real and virtual environment into a single environment. Augmented reality uses handheld flat LCD screens to augment the real world with virtual objects and shows the indirect view of real world. Mixed reality is the extended form of augmented reality. The terms augmented reality and mixed reality are often confused, as both augment the real world with virtual objects. The ultimate goal of mixed reality is to reinforce the user recognition and interaction with the virtual objects also termed as holograms using a head mounted display in 3D real world space. The concept of mixed reality, which is being magnified as one of the core MR technologies of the fourth industrial revolution, is defined by Milgram as a state where the real world and virtual world are mixed. To be prepared for future air traffic, new solutions can be presented using technologies, such as mixed reality. Eventually, at this time point when the role of ATC/M in the national airspace has become more important, to be prepared for future air traffic, research and development is necessary to effectively present various complex navigation data to air traffic controllers. Based on the long-term prediction of air traffic demand by the ICAO indicating steady increases every year throughout the world, future air traffic will become much more complex than the current situation and ATC/M is expected to increase further. The main purpose of ATC is to maintain safe distances between aircraft and seamless traffic flows. It includes processing of various unstructured composite data, such as voice communication, along with the real-time visualization of aircraft data. ATC can be said to be multi-mode cooperation work with computer support. Air traffic controllers, who are in charge of ATC/M work, analyze numerous pieces of information occurring in dynamic environments in real time while maintaining flow, safety, and security to make judgments. That is, future air traffic requires changes in existing ATC/M paradigms. As seen in ergonomics, excessive amounts of data mean new forms of work distribution and expectations of new cooperation strategies. This is expected to provide more information than what is currently available to many personnel that operate the entire air traffic management (ATM) system. For aviation safety, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is making efforts to convert air traffic management systems into those that use IT technology. In addition, since this system can be controlled first-hand by air traffic controllers, it provides a new experience through improved work efficiency and productivity.įuture air traffic control (ATC) scenarios involve, not only simple increases in traffic volumes, but also new forms of cooperation and adjustment among air traffic controllers. This system is provided in a form usable in actual operational environments with a head-mounted see-through display installed with a controller to enable more structured work support. Therefore, taking notice of the necessity for the integration of air traffic control systems, this study presents the mixed reality (MR) system, which is a new approach, that enables the control of air traffic in interactive environments. The existing control systems involve difficulties in information access and interpretation. This paper presents a mixed reality-based air traffic control system for the improvement of and support for air traffic controllers’ workflow using mixed reality technology that is effective for the delivery of information such as complex navigation data. To prepare for future air traffic, research and development intended to effectively present various complex navigation data to air traffic controllers is necessary. Air traffic control and management (ATC/M) includes the processing of various unstructured composite data along with the real-time visualization of aircraft data. Based on a long-term prediction by the International Civil Aviation Organization indicating steady increases in air traffic demand throughout the world, the workloads of air traffic controllers are expected to continuously increase.
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